Cytokine Pattern is Affected by Training Intensity in Women Futsal Players

To find the relation between exercise and cytokines, we examined the effect of the training intensity on the levels of cytokines, including interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interlukine-4 (IL-4) and interlukine-4/interferon-gamma ratio (IL-4/IFN-γ ratio) in female Futsal players. Twelve well-trained female college Futsal players aged 19~22 participated in this study. The athletes completed 30-min of running at 60~65% maximal heart rate [moderate-intensity exercise], and 30-min of running at 75~80% maximal heart rate [high-intensity exercise]. peripheral blood samples were collected 24 h before and 24 h and 48 h after each of the exercise bouts. finding showed that The 30-min bout of moderate-intensity exercise induced a significant increase in IFN-γ (p=0.01) and significant decreases in IL-4 (p=0.001) and IL-4/IFN-γ ratio (p=0.003). And also, 30-min of running at 75~80% maximal heart rate induced increase in IFN-γ (p=0.07) and decreased in IL-4 (p=0.01) and IL-4/IFN-γ ratio (p=0.06) that these changes not significantly. In summary, exercise intensity can effect on the magnitude of changes in cytokines. It seems that moderate intensity exercise enhances cytokine pattern in female college Futsal players.

Effect of exercise on anxiety of adolescents with intellectual disability

Purpose: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of exercise on the anxiety of adolescents with intellectual disability

Methods: Study method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design and a control group. The study population included all secondary students with intellectual disability in Shiraz City in the academic year 2012-2013. The sample size consisted of 30 secondary students with intellectual disability selected by available sampling method. They were randomly divided into experimental and control groups [15 students in each group]. Both groups took the pretest. The experimental group received exercise training in 8 sessions while control group did not. After completion of intervention period, the posttest was administered for both groups. The Zung self-rating anxiety scale was administered to assess the anxiety

Results: The data analyses by analysis of covariance ANCOVA and multivariate analysis of covariance [MANCOVA] showed that the mean scores of anxiety and its subscales [emotional and physical signs of anxiety] were significantly lower in experimental group [P<0.01]

Conclusion: Findings indicated that exercise intervention leads to decrease in the anxiety. Therefore, we suggest designing and implementing exercise programs to decrease the anxiety of students with intellectual disability

effect of ambient temperature and exercise to the level of exhaustion on heat shock protein and C-reactive protein plasma levels on male athletes

The increase in the amount of heat shock protein and C-reactive protein occurring as a result of stress was done with the aims of returning cell homeostasis, successful restoration of cell injury and protection of cell against more injuries. Fifteen climber and 15 non athlete subjects were chosen. A selected aerobic test was done by the subjects using Monark bicycle under two different conditions. Before starting the test, the subjects were exposed to a normal condition with the temperature of 24 +/- 2[degree]C for an hour and a blood sample was taken from all the subjects. Then immediately, the subjects took the selected aerobic test to the level of exhaustion and blood sample was taken again. A week later, these subjects were exposed to a heated environment with the temperature of 38 +/- 2[degree]C, followed by blood sample taking. Finally, the test was done by the subjects to the level of exhaustion and the last blood sample was taken. Then, the amount of heat shock protein [HSP] and C - reactive protein [CRP] in blood samples was measured. A meaningful difference was observed in the changes of heat shock proteins [p=0.012] and C-reactive protein [p=0.02] between athlete and non athlete subjects. There was no meaningful difference in CRP and HSP in normal and hot condition for non athlete subjects before and after the test. But the result of the study demonstrates that There was a meaningful difference for athletes in both conditions before and after the test [p=0.002]. Based on the study, it is claimed that while an athlete is exposed to several stressful conditions [e.g. high temperature and physical exercise], compared to a non athlete, the reaction of his body cells is more significant in order to prevent the injury